Detail projektu
Nástroje, metody a technologie ICT pro podporu konceptu smart cities
Období řešení: 1. 3. 2017 – 29. 2. 2020
Typ projektu: grant
Kód: FIT-S-17-3964
Agentura: Vysoké učení technické v Brně
Program: Vnitřní projekty VUT
Typ
grant
Abstrakt
Smart cities je obecný název pro využití digitálních, informačních a komunikačních technologí pro zvýšení životní úrovně obyvatel.Tento koncept zahrnuje vytvoření městské komunikační infrastruktury pro zvýšení dostupnosti služeb, optimalizaci dopravy, ochranu životního prostředí, lepšího využití zdrojů, apod. V rámci projektu budou vyvíjeny nové nástroje, metody a technologie na podporu konceptu smart cities.
Řešitelé
Matoušek Petr, doc. Ing., Ph.D., M.A.
(UIFS)
– hlavní řešitel
Brychtová Hana, Bc.
Burget Radek, doc. Ing., Ph.D. (UIFS)
Dohnal Roman, Mgr.
Grégr Matěj, Ing., Ph.D. (UIFS)
Handlíř Jaroslav, Ing.
Holkovič Martin, Ing., Ph.D.
Hon Jiří, Ing., Ph.D.
Hranický Radek, Ing., Ph.D. (UIFS)
Hruška Tomáš, prof. Ing., CSc. (UIFS)
Hynek Jiří, Ing., Ph.D. (UIFS)
Hypský Roman, Ing.
Charvát Lucie, Ing.
Ismael Mazen, Ing., MSc
Jeřábek Kamil, Ing., Ph.D. (UIFS)
Kmeť Martin, Ing.
Kocman Radim, Ing., Ph.D. (CVT)
Krčmář Radim, Ing.
Kreslíková Jitka, doc. RNDr., CSc. (UIFS)
Křivka Zbyněk, Ing., Ph.D. (UIFS)
Kučera Jiří, Ing., Ph.D.
Letavay Viliam, Ing. (UIFS)
Loub Radek, Ing.
Martínek Tomáš, doc. Ing., Ph.D. (UPSY)
Martiško Jakub, Ing.
Meduna Alexandr, prof. RNDr., CSc. (UIFS)
Minárik Matej, Ing.
Musil Miloš, Ing., Ph.D. (UIFS)
Němečková Zita, Ing.
Očenáš Martin, Ing. (FIT)
Pluskal Jan, Ing., Ph.D. (UIFS)
Polčák Libor, Ing., Ph.D. (UIFS)
Prochocká Kristína, Ing.
Puterová Janka, Ing., Ph.D. (FIT)
Reš Radim, Ing.
Rudnitckaia Julia, Mgr., Ph.D.
Rychlý Marek, RNDr., Ph.D. (UIFS)
Ryšavý Ondřej, doc. Ing., Ph.D. (UIFS)
Serečun Viliam, Ing.
Skácel Jiří, Ing.
Šrubař Michal, Ing.
Talašová Irena, Ing.
Večeřa Vojtěch, Ing.
Veselý Vladimír, Ing., Ph.D. (UIFS)
Vondráček Martin, Ing. (UIFS)
Zendulka Jaroslav, doc. Ing., CSc. (UIFS)
Zobal Lukáš, Ing. (FIT)
Brychtová Hana, Bc.
Burget Radek, doc. Ing., Ph.D. (UIFS)
Dohnal Roman, Mgr.
Grégr Matěj, Ing., Ph.D. (UIFS)
Handlíř Jaroslav, Ing.
Holkovič Martin, Ing., Ph.D.
Hon Jiří, Ing., Ph.D.
Hranický Radek, Ing., Ph.D. (UIFS)
Hruška Tomáš, prof. Ing., CSc. (UIFS)
Hynek Jiří, Ing., Ph.D. (UIFS)
Hypský Roman, Ing.
Charvát Lucie, Ing.
Ismael Mazen, Ing., MSc
Jeřábek Kamil, Ing., Ph.D. (UIFS)
Kmeť Martin, Ing.
Kocman Radim, Ing., Ph.D. (CVT)
Krčmář Radim, Ing.
Kreslíková Jitka, doc. RNDr., CSc. (UIFS)
Křivka Zbyněk, Ing., Ph.D. (UIFS)
Kučera Jiří, Ing., Ph.D.
Letavay Viliam, Ing. (UIFS)
Loub Radek, Ing.
Martínek Tomáš, doc. Ing., Ph.D. (UPSY)
Martiško Jakub, Ing.
Meduna Alexandr, prof. RNDr., CSc. (UIFS)
Minárik Matej, Ing.
Musil Miloš, Ing., Ph.D. (UIFS)
Němečková Zita, Ing.
Očenáš Martin, Ing. (FIT)
Pluskal Jan, Ing., Ph.D. (UIFS)
Polčák Libor, Ing., Ph.D. (UIFS)
Prochocká Kristína, Ing.
Puterová Janka, Ing., Ph.D. (FIT)
Reš Radim, Ing.
Rudnitckaia Julia, Mgr., Ph.D.
Rychlý Marek, RNDr., Ph.D. (UIFS)
Ryšavý Ondřej, doc. Ing., Ph.D. (UIFS)
Serečun Viliam, Ing.
Skácel Jiří, Ing.
Šrubař Michal, Ing.
Talašová Irena, Ing.
Večeřa Vojtěch, Ing.
Veselý Vladimír, Ing., Ph.D. (UIFS)
Vondráček Martin, Ing. (UIFS)
Zendulka Jaroslav, doc. Ing., CSc. (UIFS)
Zobal Lukáš, Ing. (FIT)
Publikace
2022
- MARTIŠKO, J.; KŘIVKA, Z.; MEDUNA, A. CD Grammar Systems with Two Propagating Scattered Context Components Characterize the Family of Context Sensitive Languages. International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science, 2022, vol. 33, no. 03,
p. 335-348. ISSN: 0129-0541. Detail
2021
- CHYRÁ, Z.; ŠEVČÍKOVÁ, T.; VOJTA, P.; PUTEROVÁ, J.; BROŽOVÁ, L.; GROWKOVÁ, K.; FILIPOVÁ, J.; ZÁTOPKOVÁ, M.; GROSICKI, S.; BARCHANICKA, A.; JĘDRZEJCZAK, W.; WASZCZUK-GAJDA, A.; JUNGOVÁ, A.; MIKULÁŠOVÁ, A.; HAJDÚCH, M.; MOKREJŠ, M.; POUR, L.; ŠTORK, M.; HARVANOVÁ, Ľ.; MISTRÍK, M.; MIKALA, G.; ROBAK, P.; CZYŻ, A.; DĘBSKI, J.; USNARSKA-ZUBKIEWICZ, L.; JURCZYSZYN, A.; STEJSKAL, L.; MORGAN, G.; KRYUKOV, F.; BUDINSKÁ, E.; ŠIMÍČEK, M.; JELÍNEK, T.; HRDINKA, M.; HÁJEK, R. Heterogenous mutation spectrum and deregulated cellular pathways in aberrant plasma cells underline molecular pathology of light-chain amyloidosis. Haematologica, 2021, vol. 106, no. 2,
p. 601-604. ISSN: 1592-8721. Detail - JESIONEK, W.; BODLÁKOVÁ, M.; KUBÁT, Z.; ČEGAN, R.; VYSKOT, B.; VRÁNA, J.; ŠAFÁŘ, J.; PUTEROVÁ, J.; HOBZA, R. Fundamentally different repetitive element composition of sex chromosomes in Rumex acetosa. Annals of Botany, 2021, vol. 127, no. 1,
p. 33-47. ISSN: 1095-8290. Detail
2020
- KOCMAN, R.; KŘIVKA, Z.; MEDUNA, A. General CD Grammar Systems and Their Simplification. Journal of Automata, Languages and Combinatorics, 2020, vol. 25, no. 1,
p. 37-54. ISSN: 1430-189X. Detail - LABUDOVÁ, D.; HON, J.; LEXA, M. pqsfinder web: G-quadruplex prediction using optimized pqsfinder algorithm. BIOINFORMATICS, 2020, vol. 36, no. 8,
p. 2584-2586. ISSN: 1367-4803. Detail - MEDUNA, A.; HORÁČEK, P.; TOMKO, M. Handbook of Mathematical Models for Languages and Computation. Stevenage, United Kingdom: The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2020. 750 p. ISBN: 978-1-78561-659-4. Detail
2019
- HOLKOVIČ, M.; RYŠAVÝ, O. Network Diagnostics Using Passive Network Monitoring and Packet Analysis. ICNS 2019. The Fifteenth International Conference on Networking and Services. Athens: The International Academy, Research and Industry Association, 2019.
p. 47-51. ISBN: 978-1-61208-711-5. Detail - HOLKOVIČ, M.; RYŠAVÝ, O.; DUDEK, J. Automating Network Security Analysis at Packet-level by using Rule-based Engine. In Proceedings of the Sixth European Conference on the Engineering of Computer-Based Systems. Bucharest: Association for Computing Machinery, 2019.
p. 1-8. ISBN: 978-1-4503-7636-5. Detail - HOLKOVIČ, M.; RYŠAVÝ, O.; POLČÁK, L. Using Network Traces to Generate Models for Automatic Network Application Protocols Diagnostics. In Proceedings of the 16th International Joint Conference on e-Business and Telecommunications Volume 1: DCNET, ICE-B, OPTICS, SIGMAP and WINSYS. Praha: SciTePress - Science and Technology Publications, 2019.
p. 37-47. ISBN: 978-989-758-378-0. Detail - HON, J.; BORKO, S.; MARUŠIAK, M.; MARTÍNEK, T.; BEDNÁŘ, D.; DAMBORSKÝ, J. EnzymeMiner: Web Server for Automated Mining and Annotation of Soluble Enzymes in Genomic Databases. ISMB/ECCB 2019. Basilej: 2019.
p. 0-0. Detail - HRANICKÝ, R.; LIŠTIAK, F.; MIKUŠ, D.; RYŠAVÝ, O. On Practical Aspects of PCFG Password Cracking. In Data and Applications Security and Privacy. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Charleston: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019.
p. 43-60. ISBN: 978-3-030-22478-3. ISSN: 0302-9743. Detail - HRANICKÝ, R.; ZOBAL, L.; RYŠAVÝ, O.; KOLÁŘ, D. Distributed password cracking with BOINC and hashcat. Digital Investigation, 2019, vol. 30, no. 1,
p. 161-172. ISSN: 1742-2876. Detail - JEŘÁBEK, K.; RYŠAVÝ, O. Big Data Network Flow Processing Using Apache Spark. In Proceedings of the 6th Conference on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems (ECBS 2019), 2019. Bukurešť: Association for Computing Machinery, 2019.
p. 1-9. ISBN: 978-1-4503-7636-5. Detail - JEŘÁBEK, K.; VESELÝ, V. One of the Ways How to Make RIB Distributed. In Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on Innovation in Clouds, Internet and Networks (ICIN 2019). Paříž: IEEE Communications Society, 2019.
p. 49-53. ISBN: 978-1-5386-3458-5. Detail - LETAVAY, V.; PLUSKAL, J.; RYŠAVÝ, O. A Scalable Architecture for Network Traffic Forensics. The Fifteenth International Conference on Networking and Services ICNS 2019. Athens: The International Academy, Research and Industry Association, 2019.
p. 32-36. ISBN: 978-1-61208-711-5. Detail - LETAVAY, V.; PLUSKAL, J.; RYŠAVÝ, O. Network Forensic Analysis for Lawful Enforcement Steroids, Distributed and Scalable. In Proceedings of the 6th Conference on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems (ECBS 2019), 2019. Bucharest: Association for Computing Machinery, 2019.
p. 1-10. ISBN: 978-1-4503-7636-5. Detail - MATOUŠEK, P.; RYŠAVÝ, O.; BURGETOVÁ, I. Extending Networking Curriculum with Applied Artificial Intelligence. In Proceedings of EAEEIE 2019. Ruse: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2019.
p. 11-16. ISBN: 978-1-7281-3222-8. Detail - MATOUŠEK, P.; RYŠAVÝ, O.; GRÉGR, M. Increasing Visibility of IEC 104 Communication in the Smart Grid. 6th International Symposium for ICS & SCADA Cyber Security Research 2019. Swindon: BCS Learning and Development Ltd., 2019.
p. 21-30. ISBN: 978-1-78017-523-2. Detail - MATOUŠEK, P.; RYŠAVÝ, O.; GRÉGR, M. Security Monitoring of IoT Communication Using Flows. In Proceedings of the 6th Conference on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems. ECBS '19. New York: Association for Computing Machinery, 2019.
p. 1-9. ISBN: 978-1-4503-7636-5. Detail - MEDUNA, A.; KRČMÁŘ, R.; KÖVÁRI, A.; BENÍČKOVÁ, Z. On Operations over Language Families. Computer Science Journal of Moldova, 2019, vol. 27, no. 3,
p. 255-282. ISSN: 1561-4042. Detail - MUSIL, M.; KONEGGER, H.; HON, J.; BEDNÁŘ, D.; DAMBORSKÝ, J. Computational Design of Stable and Soluble Biocatalysts. ACS Catalysis, 2019, vol. 9, no. 2,
p. 1033-1054. ISSN: 2155-5435. Detail - MUSIL, M.; KONEGGER, H.; ŠTOURAČ, J.; BEDNÁŘ, D.; DAMBORSKÝ, J. FireProtASR: an automated woRKFLOW FOR ANCESTRAL SEQUENCE RECONSTRUCTION. ISMB/ECCB 2019. Basilej: 2019.
p. 0-0. Detail - PLUSKAL, J.; KOUTENSKÝ, M.; VONDRÁČEK, M.; RYŠAVÝ, O. Network Forensic Investigations of Tunneled Traffic: A Case Study. Revue Roumaine des Sciences Techniques - Serie Électrotechnique et Énergétique, 2019, vol. 64, no. 4,
p. 429-434. ISSN: 0035-4066. Detail - PLUSKAL, J.; VONDRÁČEK, M.; RYŠAVÝ, O. Network Forensics in GSE Overlay Networks. In ECBS '19: Proceedings of the 6th Conference on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems. Bukurešť: Association for Computing Machinery, 2019.
p. 1-10. ISBN: 978-1-4503-7636-5. Detail - VESELÝ, V.; MAREK, M.; JEŘÁBEK, K. RINASim. EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing, 2019, vol. 2019, no. 1,
p. 139-181. ISSN: 2522-8595. Detail - VESELÝ, V.; MAREK, M.; JEŘÁBEK, K.; NOVÁK, A. Everything You Always Wanted to Know About BGPv4 in OMNeT++ But Were Afraid to Ask. In Proceedings of 6th OMNeT++ Community Summit. Manchester: EasyChair, 2019.
p. 1-8. ISSN: 2398-7340. Detail
2018
- BEERENS, K.; MAZURENKO, S.; KUNKA, A.; MARQUES, S.; HANSEN, N.; MUSIL, M.; CHALOUPKOVÁ, R.; WATERMAN, J.; BREZOVSKÝ, J.; BEDNÁŘ, D.; PROKOP, Z.; DAMBORSKÝ, J. Evolutionary Analysis is a Powerful Complement to Energy Calculations Allowing Entropy-Driven Stabilization. ACS Catalysis, 2018, vol. 2018, no. 8,
p. 9420-9428. ISSN: 2155-5435. Detail - DAMBORSKÝ, J.; BEDNÁŘ, D.; KUNKA, A.; MAZURENKO, S.; NEDELJKOVIĆ, S.; PROKOP, Z.; ŠTOURAČ, J. CalFitter: A web server for analysis of protein thermal denaturation data. FEBS OPEN BIO. FEBS Open Bio. Hoboken: 2018.
p. 404-404. ISSN: 2211-5463. Detail - DAMBORSKÝ, J.; BEDNÁŘ, D.; KUNKA, A.; MAZURENKO, S.; NEDELJKOVIĆ, S.; PROKOP, Z.; ŠTOURAČ, J. CalFitter: a web server for analysis of protein thermal denaturation data. Nucleic Acids Research, 2018, vol. 46, no. 1,
p. 344-349. ISSN: 1362-4962. Detail - HON, J.; MARUŠIAK, M.; MARTÍNEK, T.; ZENDULKA, J.; BEDNÁŘ, D.; DAMBORSKÝ, J. SoluProt: Prediction of Protein Solubility. DAZ & WIKT 2018 Proceedings. Brno: Brno University of Technology, 2018.
p. 261-265. ISBN: 978-80-214-5679-2. Detail - CHARVÁT, L.; MEDUNA, A. Internally Expandable Pushdown Automata and Their Computational Completeness. Romanian Journal of Information Science and Technology (ROMJIST), 2018, vol. 21, no. 3,
p. 232-237. ISSN: 1453-8245. Detail - KOCMAN, R.; KŘIVKA, Z.; MEDUNA, A. On Double-Jumping Finite Automata and Their Closure Properties. RAIRO-THEORETICAL INFORMATICS AND APPLICATIONS, 2018, vol. 52, no. 2,
p. 185-199. ISSN: 0988-3754. Detail - KOCMAN, R.; NAGY, B.; KŘIVKA, Z.; MEDUNA, A. A Jumping 5'->3' Watson-Crick Finite Automata Model. Tenth Workshop on Non-Classical Models of Automata and Applications (NCMA 2018). books@ocg.at 332. Wien: Austrian Computer Society, 2018.
p. 117-132. ISBN: 978-3-903035-21-8. Detail - KUČERA, J.; KŘIVKA, Z.; MEDUNA, A. On k#$-Rewriting Systems. Romanian Journal of Information Science and Technology (ROMJIST), 2018, vol. 21, no. 3,
p. 278-287. ISSN: 1453-8245. Detail - MATOUŠEK, P.; RYŠAVÝ, O.; JAMES, J.; JANG, Y. Interconnecting Education and Research Through International Partnership: IoT Case Study. In 2018 28th EAEEIE Annual Conference, EAEEIE 2018. Hafnarfjordur: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2018.
p. 1-6. ISBN: 978-1-5386-7711-7. Detail - MUSIL, M.; MARTÍNEK, T.; ZENDULKA, J. FireProt: web server for automated design of thermostable proteins. DAZ & WIKT 2018 Proceedings. Brno: 2018.
p. 1-4. Detail - PUTEROVÁ, J.; KUBÁT, Z.; KEJNOVSKÝ, E.; JESIONEK, W.; ČÍŽKOVÁ, J.; VYSKOT, B.; HOBZA, R. The slowdown of Y chromosome expansion in dioecious Silene latifolia due to DNA loss and male-specific silencing of retrotransposons. BMC GENOMICS, 2018, vol. 19, no. 153,
p. 1-11. ISSN: 1471-2164. Detail - PUTEROVÁ, J.; MARTÍNEK, T. digIS: automated pipeline for detecting distant, novel insertion sequence elements in prokaryotes. Data & Knowledge 2018. Brno: Brno University of Technology, 2018.
p. 1-5. ISBN: 978-80-214-5679-2. Detail - TOKAN, V.; PUTEROVÁ, J.; LEXA, M.; KEJNOVSKÝ, E. Quadruplex DNA in long terminal repeats in maize LTR retrotransposons inhibits the expression of a reporter gene in yeast. BMC GENOMICS, 2018, vol. 19, no. 1,
p. 1-11. ISSN: 1471-2164. Detail - VONDRÁČEK, M.; PLUSKAL, J.; RYŠAVÝ, O. Automated Man-in-the-Middle Attack Against Wi-Fi Networks. The Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law, 2018, vol. 2018, no. 13,
p. 59-80. ISSN: 1558-7215. Detail
2017
- HON, J.; MARTÍNEK, T.; ZENDULKA, J.; LEXA, M. pqsfinder: an exhaustive and imperfection-tolerant search tool for potential quadruplex-forming sequences in R. BIOINFORMATICS, 2017, vol. 33, no. 21,
p. 3373-3379. ISSN: 1367-4803. Detail - HYPSKÝ, R.; KRESLÍKOVÁ, J. DEFINITION OF BUSINESS RULES USING BUSINESS VOCABULARY AND SEMANTICS. Acta Informatica Pragensia, 2017, vol. 6, no. 1,
p. 72-77. ISSN: 1805-4951. Detail - CHARVÁT, L.; MEDUNA, A. A Reduction of Finitely Expandable Deep Pushdown Automata. Proceedings 12th Doctoral Workshop on Mathematical and Engineering Methods in Computer Science (MEMICS 2017). Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science. Telč: 2017.
p. 1 (1 s.). Detail - ISMAEL, M. Detecting Anomalous Trajectories and Traffic Services. Data a znalosti 2017. Plzeň: University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, 2017.
p. 1-5. ISBN: 978-80-261-0720-0. Detail - KOCMAN, R.; KŘIVKA, Z.; MEDUNA, A. Rule-Homogeneous CD Grammar Systems. AFL 2017. Debrecen: 2017.
p. 0-0. Detail - KŘIVKA, Z. Introduction to Graph Algorithms for Shortest-Paths Problems. 2017.
p. 41-48. ISSN: 2386-866X. Detail - MAREK, M.; RYŠAVÝ, O.; VESELÝ, V. Towards analysis of IP communication in a constrained environment of tactical radio networks. In Proceedings of European Conference on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems. Larnaca: Association for Computing Machinery, 2017.
p. 50-57. ISBN: 978-1-4503-4843-0. Detail - MATOUŠEK, P.; RYŠAVÝ, O.; ONYANGO, C.; SEVILLA, J. Delivering ICT Security Courses over 5.944 km. In Proceedings of the 27th EAEEIE Annual Conference. Grenoble: Grenoble Institute of Technology, 2017.
p. 1-7. ISBN: 978-1-7281-0907-7. Detail - MEDUNA, A.; MARTIŠKO, J. CD Grammar Systems with Two Propagating Scattered Context Components Characterize the Family of Context Sensitive Languages. In 15th International Conference on Automata and Formal Languages. Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science, EPTCS. Debrecen: Open Publishing Association, 2017.
p. 170-179. ISSN: 2075-2180. Detail - MUSIL, M.; ŠTOURAČ, J.; BENDL, J.; BREZOVSKÝ, J.; PROKOP, Z.; ZENDULKA, J.; MARTÍNEK, T.; BEDNÁŘ, D.; DAMBORSKÝ, J. FireProt: web server for automated design of thermostable proteins. Nucleic Acids Research, 2017, vol. 45, no. 1,
p. 393-399. ISSN: 1362-4962. Detail - RYCHLÝ, M. Dynamically Reconfigurable Architectures: An Evaluation of Approaches for Preventing Architectural Violations. In Computer Systems and Software Engineering: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications. Hershey, Pennsylvania: IGI Global, 2017.
p. 539-556. ISBN: 978-1-5225-3923-0. Detail - VONDRÁČEK, M.; PLUSKAL, J.; RYŠAVÝ, O. Automation of MitM Attack on Wi-Fi Networks. In 9th International Conference on Digital Forensics & Cyber Crime. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering book series (LNICST). Prague: Springer International Publishing, 2017.
p. 207-220. ISBN: 978-3-319-73696-9. ISSN: 1867-8211. Detail
2016
- HYNEK, J.; HRUŠKA, T. Pixel-Based Analysis of Information Dashboard Attributes. In New Trends in Databases and Information Systems. Communications in Computer and Information Science. Volume 637 of the series Communications in Computer and Information Science. CH: Springer International Publishing, 2016.
p. 29-36. ISBN: 978-3-319-44065-1. ISSN: 1865-0929. Detail - ZÁMEČNÍKOVÁ, E.; KRESLÍKOVÁ, J. Business Rules Definition for Decision Support System Using Matrix Grammar. Acta Informatica Pragensia, 2016, vol. 5, no. 1,
p. 72-81. ISSN: 1805-4951. Detail
2012
- VESELÝ, V.; MATOUŠEK, P.; ŠVÉDA, M. Multicast Simulation and Modeling in OMNeT++. Proceedings of the IEEE 5th International ICST Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques. Desenzano del Garda: International Communication Sciences and Technology Association, 2012.
p. 298-301. ISBN: 978-1-936968-47-3. Detail