Mathematical Logic

• 26 hrs lectures

• 100 pts final exam

The aim of the course is to acquaint students with the basic methods of reasoning in mathematics. The students should learn about general principles of  predicate logic and, consequently, acquire the ability of exact mathematical reasoning and expression. They should also get familiar with some other important formal theories utilizied in informatics too.
The students will acquire the ability of understanding the principles of axiomatic mathematical theories and the ability of exact (formal) mathematical expression. They will also learn how to deduct, in a formal way, new formulas and to prove given ones. They will realize the efficiency of formal reasonong and also its limits.
The students will learn exact formal reasoning to be able to devise correct and efficient algorithms solving given problems. They will also acquire an ability to verify the correctness of given algorithms (program verification).

The knowledge acquired in the bachelor's study course "Discrete Mathematics" and the master's study course "Mathematical Structures in Informatics" is assumed.

• D.M. Gabbay, C.J. Hogger, J.A. Robinson, Handbook of Logic for Artificial Intellogence and Logic Programming, Oxford Univ. Press 1993
• A. Sochor, Klasická matematická logika, Karolinum, 2001
• V. Švejnar, Logika, neúplnost a složitost, Academia, 2002
• G. Metakides, A. Nerode, Principles of logic and logic programming, Elsevier, 1996
• Melvin Fitting, First order logic and automated theorem proving, Springer, 1996

1. Basics of set theory and cardinal arithmetics
2. Language, formulas and semantics of propositional calculus
3. Formal theory of the propositional logic
4. Provability in propositional logic, completeness theorem
5. Language of the (first-order) predicate logic, terms and formulas
6. Semantic of predicate logics
7. Axiomatic theory of the first-order predicate logic
8. Provability in predicate logic
9. Theorems on compactness and completeness, prenex normal forms
10. First-order theories and their models
11. Undecidabilitry of first-order theories, Gödel's incompleteness theorems
12. Second-order theories (monadic logic, SkS and WSkS)
13. Some further logics (intuitionistic logic, modal and temporal logics, Presburger arithmetic)

The subject is evaluated according to the result of the final exam, the minimum for passing the exam is 50/100 points.